A Novel Multilevel Inverter with Minimum Switches

Vol. 6  Issue 2
Year: 2016
Issue:Dec-Feb 
Title:A Novel Multilevel Inverter with Minimum Switches
Author Name:Manjunatha B.M., Ashok Kumar D.V. and Vijay Kumar M.
Synopsis:

This paper presents an unique three phase seven level inverter with reduced number of switches. Multilevel Inverters (MLI) are used in high power and high voltage applications as they are capable of producing multiple levels in output voltage with reduced THD. To reduce THD further, the number of levels in the output voltage has to be increased, which is directly associated with the number of switches required. To accomplish this, the conventional MLI experiences complexity in control, number of required DC sources, size, switching losses and cost of overall system increases. The proposed topology overcomes the aforesaid limitations and compared with the conventional MLI in terms of the number of switches, DC sources, capacitors, fundamental voltage, and THD. The performance is analyzed by using a simulation tool.

Comparative Analysis and FPGA Implementation of Vedic and Booth Multiplier

Vol. 6  Issue 2
Year: 2016
Issue:Dec-Feb 
Title:Comparative Analysis and FPGA Implementation of Vedic and Booth Multiplier
Author Name:Parul Agrawal and Rahul Sinha
Synopsis:

The digital computing systems like mathematical co-processors, micro-processors, digital filters must be highly efficient in terms of computational time. The most fundamental operation in any computing systems is multiplication. The multiplier should therefore employ minimum processing time by the use of high speed adders. This paper describes the design of Vedic Multiplier using Kogge Stone Adder (the fastest Parallel Prefix Adder) and Booth Multiplier (based on two's complement notation). The two designs have been compared based on delay, levels of logic, number of slices, and memory usage. Based on the synthesis report obtained, the delay in Booth Multiplier has been found to be very less compared to Vedic Multiplier however, during simulation in Booth Multiplier the response to the inputs is not instantaneous, but there is a large amount of wait period in getting the output as the count signal increments in the sequential circuit which is not the case with Vedic Multiplier (Combinational Circuit). This showed that the Booth Multiplier is slower compared to Vedic Multiplier. The two designs have been implemented in Xilinx ISE 14.4 for the family of devices Spartan 6 with the device name Xc6slx45, package csg324,and speed grade of -3.

Voltage Mode Second Order Notch/All - Pass Filter Realization Using OTRA

Vol. 6  Issue 2
Year: 2016
Issue:Dec-Feb 
Title:Voltage Mode Second Order Notch/All - Pass Filter Realization Using OTRA
Author Name:Rashika Anurag, Neeta Pandey, Rohan Chandra and Rajeshwari Pandey
Synopsis:

This paper presents a Second Order Notch/All pass filter based on Operational Transresistance Amplifier (OTRA). It uses two OTRA's and five resistances. To add electronic tunability, the filter uses a capacitor array that can be controlled by switches. The switches are also used to provide inverting and non inverting Notch/All pass as response. This adds flexibility in phase response of all pass filter. The notch/all pass configuration is a modified extension of the Delyiannis-Friend circuit. Through the addition of a second active block which basically acts as a summer for the input voltage and the output of the first OTRA block. The functionality of the proposed filters is verified through SPICE simulations using CMOS based implementation of OTRA. The power supply for the implementation is 1.5V and is based on 0.5 submicron technology.

Trichotomous Visual Analytics [TVA]: Visual Statistical Cumulative Data Analysis via the Tri–Squared Calculator A Digital Instrument Designed to Present the Outcomes of the Tri–Squared Test

Vol. 6  Issue 2
Year: 2016
Issue:Dec-Feb 
Title:Trichotomous Visual Analytics [TVA]: Visual Statistical Cumulative Data Analysis via the Tri–Squared Calculator A Digital Instrument Designed to Present the Outcomes of the Tri–Squared Test
Author Name:James Edward Osler II
Synopsis:

This paper presents an innovative digital instrument the Tri–Squared Calculator © that uses the novel Trichotomous Visual Analytics [TVA] as a supportive research model for traditional confirmatory trichotomous statistical analyses. This research adds to the publication entitled, “Trichotomous Exploratory Data Analysis [Tri–EDA]: A Post Hoc Visual Statistical Cumulative Data Analysis Instrument Designed to Present the Outcomes of Trichotomous Investigative Models” published in the imanager's Journal on Instrumentation and Control Engineering. This narrative provides an epistemological rational for the use of “Trichotomous Exploratory Data Analysis” and other trichotomous statistical analytical models for the in–depth analysis of the transformative process of qualitative data into quantitative outcomes through the Tri–Squared Test. The Tri–Squared Test was first introduced in the i-manager’s Journal on Mathematics, and further detailed in the Journal on Educational Technology, Journal on School Educational Technology, and in Journal on Educational Psychology. TVA is used in Tri–Exploratory Data Analysis as a series of graphical and visual statistical models that are a part of the Tri–Squared Calculator ©. The Tri–Squared Calculator © digital instrument was created, designed, and developed by the author to quickly calculate and report Tri–Squared Test outcomes. It also allows the researcher to rapidly check the validity and reliability of Tri–Squared Test results. This is a novel approach to advanced statistical Tri–Squared modeling and reporting. It adds a potent new tool to the mixed methods approach of the trichotomous research design (that intrinsically involves the holistic trichotomous combination and comparison of qualitative and quantitative data outcomes).

RFID Technology for Biomedical Applications: State of Art and Future Developments

Vol. 6  Issue 2
Year: 2016
Issue:Dec-Feb 
Title:RFID Technology for Biomedical Applications: State of Art and Future Developments
Author Name:Roberto Marani and Anna Gina Perri
Synopsis:

In this paper some of the possible applications in the biomedical field of the RFID technology are presented, giving an idea of the wide range of advantages that RFID devices are able to provide. In particular, those aspects of RFID technology were examined, which make possible the realization of miniaturized devices, implantable in the human body and powered from the outside, and can monitor the biological functions of individuals or even enable the therapy of diseases. Moreover, some aspects that need to be improved in the future research works are discussed such as the biocompatibility of the material for the implantable devices, the long-term exposure of the human body to electromagnetic fields, the interference caused by surrounding metallic parts, the attenuation of RF signals at particularly high frequency values and the implementation of a safe communication channel in order to guarantee the privacy of the individual.

Study of Electromagnetic Interference

Vol. 6  Issue 1
Year: 2015
Issue:Sep-Nov
Title:Study of Electromagnetic Interference
Author Name:M. Satish Kumar and A. Jhansi Rani 
Synopsis:

The life on Earth has been adapted to survive in an environment of natural low-frequency Electromagnetic (EM) fields in addition to the Earth's Static Geo-Magnetic field. Natural EM fields of low frequency come from two main sources, the sun and thunderstorm activity. However, fields produced by various Electrical and Electronic Systems such as Radio and Television broadcast stations, Communication Transmitters etc., and Automobile Ignition systems, Industrial Control Equipment radiate Electromagnetic Energy at much higher intensities during their normal operation. The electromagnetic environment created by these Intentional and Unintentional sources with a very different Spectral Distribution has altered this natural EM background. The electromagnetic environment created by these Intentional and Unintentional sources, when sufficiently strong, Interferes with the operation of many electrical and electronics equipment and systems which degrades the performance of the system. So the study of Electromagnetic Fields which becomes an interference to the Systems’ operation is needed. For analysis of EM fields, simulation of Co-Axial cable using CST is considered [4].

A Novel Method to Eliminate Selective Harmonics in a Multilevel Inverter

Vol. 6  Issue 1
Year: 2015
Issue:Sep-Nov
Title: A Novel Method to Eliminate Selective Harmonics in a Multilevel Inverter
Author Name:Nimain Charan Nayak
Synopsis:

This paper deals with the harmonic elimination in multilevel inverters. Multilevel inverters are advanced types of inverters. The desired level of levels is obtained by using the method of triggering. A seven level cascaded H-bridge inverter has been used here. To synthesize multilevel output AC voltage using different levels of DC input, semiconductor devices must be switched on and off. The output contains harmonic and total harmonic distortion. These affect the solution and hence have to be eliminated. Selective harmonic elimination is the method in which the author selects the harmonics which needs to be eliminated. Different methods are used to eliminate the harmonics. In this paper, the author makes use of genetic algorithm to eliminate the harmonics. Genetic algorithm is a computational algorithm that solves optimization problem by imitating the genetic processes and the theory of evolution. It imitates biological evolution by using parameters such as reproduction, crossover mutation etc. The fitness function of multilevel inverters is solved and firing angles are obtained. These firing angles are obtained to the semiconductor devices and output with minimum harmonics and total harmonic distortions are obtained.