Cockcroft–Walton generator:Circuit Analysis And Applications

Vol.3 No.3

Year : 2013

Issue : Mar-May

Title : Cockcroft–Walton generator:Circuit Analysis And Applications

Author Name : Sumana Bhattacharjee

Synopsis :

A particle accelerator is a device that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to high speeds and to contain them in well-defined There are two basic classes of accelerators, known as electrostatic and oscillating field accelerators. Accelerators use static electric fields to accelerate particles. An example of this class is the Cockcroft Walton generator. The high voltage generator of the Cockcroft-Walton accelerator is a well known cascade generator or voltage multiplier circuit. By using only capacitors and diodes, it can step up relatively low voltages to extremely high values, while at the same time being far lighter and cheaper than transformers. The first accelerator of this type was built in 1932 by J.D. Cockcroft and E.T. Walton. They achieved a high voltage of about 700 kV and they studied the first nuclear reaction with an accelerator. They shared the Nobel Prize in physics for 1951.The Cockcroft-Walton generator is discussed in this paper.

Performance Evaluation of Optical Packet Switch Based on Wavelength Converters

Vol.3 No.3

Year : 2013

Issue : Mar-May

Title : Performance Evaluation of Optical Packet Switch Based on Wavelength Converters

Author Name : Ramya.S, Archana

Synopsis :

data networks built on Fiber-Optics technology, which sends data digitally, as light through connected fiber strands.A reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) is a form of optical add-drop multiplexer that adds the ability to remotely switch traffic from a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system at the wavelength layer. In an optical packet network with optical packet switches interconnected with optical fibers running wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), packets are transmitted from source to destination without any optical-electrical-optical (O/E/O) conversion. The optical fiber entering an optical packet switch carries several wavelengths for packet transmission.

Accident Finding and Location Identification System Using Google Map

Vol.3 No.3

Year : 2013

Issue : Mar-May

Title : Accident Finding and Location Identification System Using Google Map

Author Name : Ramachandran G, R. Ramani , S. Selvaraju , B. Rajasekaran , P. M. Murali

Synopsis :

The wireless black box using MEMS accelerometer and GPS tracking system is developed for accidental monitoring. This system consists of various components, such as accelerometer, microcontroller unit, GPS and GSM module. If accident occurred in any place, the wireless sensor device will send SMS to family members, emergency medical service (EMS), correctionalternate"the nearest hospital with accident place using GPS system and Google map.The threshold algorithm and speed of motorcycle used to determine fall or accident in real-time process. This system is compact and easy to install.  The system is compact and easy to install. This system tested in real time applications. The test results show that it can detect to whether the normal ride or not with high accuracy.

Effect Of Ballistic Modle Of Cntfet On 4X1 Multiplexer And Demultiplexer Design

Vol.3 No.3

Year : 2013

Issue : Mar-May

Title : Effect Of Ballistic Modle Of Cntfet On 4X1 Multiplexer And Demultiplexer Design

Author Name : yvarthamanan, V. Kannan

Synopsis :

This paper discuss about the CNTFET influence on the performance of the 4X1 multiplexer. Power analysis has been performed using HSPICE simulation software and the results are obtained for the 2X1 and 4X1 multiplexer transient behavior and the power consumption obtained is 0.8 and 1.6 nano watts respectively. Comparative analysis has been performed with the conventional demultiiplexer design to validate the proposed design performance.

Food Sensing Technique Using Time To Digital Convertion Principle

Vol.3 No.3

Year : 2013

Issue : Mar-May

Title : Food Sensing Technique Using Time To Digital Convertion Principle

Author Name : vipul dhongade, D.C. Gharpure , S.S. Sadistap

Synopsis :

The importance of food safety is today’s high demand in all over the world. It can cause various harms to human life, if its quality is bad. With increased demand for food quality and health benefits, need for stringent scrutiny on the inspection of agri-food products have become mandatory. The paper presents the development of embedded food sensing system to study the deterioration of food grains under different stress (temperature, humidity, insects etc.) and room environmental conditions. The technique that can be used to sense the food conditions and its quality using ultrasonic transmitter and receiver system with principle of time to digital conversion In this paper, I present a detailed procedure for submitting this paper in the field of food sensing applications. The procedure starts with the important step of selecting the paper topic and continues with finding relevant references, taking notes, doing the actual research, writing the papery. Experimental results were obtained by taking number of samples obtained through different sensing processes.

Ultra Low Signal with High Linearity Differential Amplifier with CMOS 180nm technology

Vol.3 No.3

Year : 2013

Issue : Mar-May

Title : Ultra Low Signal with High Linearity Differential Amplifier with CMOS 180nm technology

Author Name : kaphungkui ningshen, G.R Michael

Synopsis :

A differential amplifier is an amplifier that amplifies the difference between two voltages and rejects the average or common mode value of the two voltages. The paper presented here is a single input - balanced output cascoded differential amplifier that amplifies a very small signal from the range of nV  up to mV with a gain of 46.02db and operating with a constant gain up to 3MHz bandwidth. This work mainly aims at the amplification of very small input voltage and reduction of overall circuit power dissipation maintaining its linearity. Its application is for lower frequency and very small signal amplification. The total circuit power dissipation is only 32.3uW which is appreciable low. The circuit gain is 200 and it is operated with only 1V. The allowable input peak voltage is from 1nV up to 0.7mV and the output swing without distortion is 280mV peak to peak. For low frequency and low signal amplification this small signal amplifier with low power dissipation can lengthen the lifetime of a chip in IC technology which is powered by battery, if the total power dissipation is low.

Repeater Sizing for Cross-Talk Mitigation in Coupled VLSI Interconnects

Vol.3 No.3

Year : 2013

Issue : Mar-May

Title : Repeater Sizing for Cross-Talk Mitigation in Coupled VLSI Interconnects

Author Name : Gargi Khanna, Rajeevan Chandel , Ashwani Chandel

Synopsis :

Crosstalk between interconnects is simulated by SPICE and the results are analyzed. The analysis shows that crosstalk between interconnects can be controlled by repeater insertion and proper sizing of the repeaters. For the best control of crosstalk smallest size repeaters with a number of repeaters is suggested. The dependence of cross-talk on signal transition time and interconnect length are examined and verified with previously reported results. Distributed RLC transmission line model of interconnect is considered.

Piezoresistive Type Biosensor using a MEMS Cantilever for Detection of Tuberculosis

Vol.3 No.2

Year : 2013

Issue : Dec-Feb

Title : Piezoresistive Type Biosensor using a MEMS Cantilever for Detection of Tuberculosis

Author Name : P.Sangeetha, Vimala Juliet

Synopsis :

This paper deals with MEMS cantilever biosensor which functions as a piezoresistive sensor to detect tuberculosis. This piezoresistive sensor is based on measuring the change in resistance of the piezoresistive material due to the mechanical vibration of a cantilever beam. Cantilever surface is coated with antibody specific to TB antigen 85 complex. Patient blood sample is introduced on the cantilever if TB antigen is present in the blood sample that antigen binds with the antibody causing strain on the cantilever. The applied strain causes changes in the resistance of the piezoresistive material enabling the measurement of input variable. Here the strain is due antigen antibody binding on the cantilever surface. Bending of the cantilever due to the strain indicates the presence of the disease. The deflection of the microcantilever would be measured in terms of piezoresistive changes by implanting boron at the anchor point.

RFID Reader Range Extension Using Magnetodielectric Material – An Extended Version

Vol.3 No.2

Year : 2013

Issue : Dec-Feb

Title : RFID Reader Range Extension Using Magnetodielectric Material – An Extended Version

Author Name : Wen-Cheng Lai, An-Cheng Sun , Nan-Wei Chen , Ching-Wen Hsue , Luis Galarza

Synopsis :

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) allows for data transfer between tag objects to a reader via radio frequency electromagnetic fields. RFID tags are utilized by many industries for identification and tracking purposes. The RFID reader does not require line of sight to scan for data unlike bar codes and can track tags which can be embedded in objects many meters away. To this end, this paper presents a straightforward and practical approach for extending the range of RFID readers. It is shown that the range of a reader can easily be extended with a magnetodielectric slab attached to the antenna. The proper placement of the slab enhances the reader’s range by increasing the antenna’s gain. The effectiveness of the proposed implementation for the extension of the reader’s range with the magnetodielectric material has been experimentally tested. The experimental results verify the viability of the approach and show an increase of about 70% for the reader’s range.

An Approach for the Segmentation of Satellite Images Using Moving KFCM and Naive Bayes Classifier

Vol.3 No.2

Year : 2013

Issue : Dec-Feb

Title : An Approach for the Segmentation of Satellite Images Using Moving KFCM and Naive Bayes Classifier

Author Name : praveena praveena, S.P. Singh , I.V. Muralikrishna

Synopsis :

This paper presents an improvised Moving kernel based fuzzy C-means(MKFCM) for land-cover mapping of trees, shade, building and road. It starts with the single step preprocessing procedure in which first the input image is passed through a median filter to reduce the noise and get a better image fit for segmentation. The pre-processed image is segmented using the Moving KFCM algorithm and classified using Bayesian classifier with kernel Distribution type. KFCM with moving property is used to improve the object segmentation in satellite images. Simulation results show that classification accuracy for different regions using Moving KFCM is better than moving k means using Naive Bayes classifier with four different kernels.

Mems Mass Based Cantilever Gas Sensor Using Peizoresistive Principle

Vol.3 No.2

Year : 2013

Issue : Dec-Feb

Title : Mems Mass Based Cantilever Gas Sensor Using Peizoresistive Principle

Author Name : subhashini s, Vimala Juliet

Synopsis :

Gas Pollutants like CO2, SO2, CO, CH4 ... are posing a threat to the human lives by inducing health problems. A check over these toxic gases around us is possible with the development of small handheld sensor devices. This paper deals with a MEMS based sensor using the principle of peizoresistivity. Here a simple MEMS structure was designed for providing the mechanical structure in the form of a cantilever. This structure having been released from the substrate will be free to move in its free end and immovable at the fixed end. Then the selectivity of the gas molecules is achieved by using the affinity chemicals, which would selectively adsorb the gas molecules, here the selectivity of CO2 will be dealt and it was achieved by using Tin Oxide. The Molecular weight of CO2 is 44.01g/mol and this results in the increase of cantilever stress causing a deflection at the free end and this inturn form a stress at the fixed end, this is measured using the peizoresistive material embedded on the cantilever. Thus the quantity of CO2 present in the atmosphere will determine the resistance and thereby giving an electrical output which could be easily conditioned based on our requirement.

Robust Sliding Mode Control for Time Delay Systems: An Application to Load Frequency Control

Vol.3 No.2

Year : 2013

Issue : Dec-Feb

Title : Robust Sliding Mode Control for Time Delay Systems: An Application to Load Frequency Control

Author Name : KELOTHU NARESH, Y. Srinivasa Rao , M. Kiran Kumar

Synopsis :

This thesis presents robust sliding mode control for a class of linear continuous time delay systems with mismatched parametric uncertainties. The problem of delay in-dependent as well as delay dependent stability analysis has been studied and subsequently robust control with sliding mode control are also investigated for uncertain time delay systems. Delay independent as well as delay dependent sufficient conditions for the existence of linear sliding surface which are in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) frame work are studied, based on which the design of reaching motion controller is also studied. The objective of the present work is to implement the delay dependent stability analysis of LMI approach with sliding mode control to uncertain power system model with communication delay for load frequency control. The reaching motion controller is switched to two other control strategies namely, (i) equivalent Control Law and (ii) State Feedback Law.

 

Levinson Durbin Algorithm-An Approach for feature extraction of Red Palm Weevil

Vol. 3 No. 1

Year: 2012

Issue: Sep-Nov

Title: Levinson Durbin Algorithm-An Approach for feature extraction of Red Palm Weevil  

Author Name: Betty Martin, Vimala Juliet 

Synopsis: 

Digital audio information has become an important application of computer in the field of audio processing and pattern recognition. In pattern recognition, features are extracted from raw audio data. In this paper, an effective algorithm is proposed to extract features of the acoustic activity  of red palm weevil recorded in coconut grooves using Linear predictive coding.  The linear predictive coefficients characterize the audio content. Red palm weevil is an economic pest, the infestation of which, at an early stage can prevent total damage of the palm. The detection and infestation of this insect is possible only  by capturing the sound produced by the insect, using a reliable digital voice recorder. The sound acquired is further processed to confirm whether it belongs to the insect or not. This can be accomplished by a technique called Linear Predictive Coding. The coefficients extracted can further be matched by training data. The classification depends on the ability to accurately categorize each feature vector set corresponding to its own kind. This application is often used for sound identification or sound verification. In this article, a summary of work done to extract feature of the weevil which was later used to determine its presence on palms, has been done.

Comparison of Phase Shifted PWM Techniques for Cascaded Multilevel Inverter

Vol. 3 No. 1

Year: 2012

Issue: Sep-Nov

Title: Comparison of Phase Shifted PWM Techniques for Cascaded Multilevel Inverter 

  

Author Name: K C DEEKSHIT KOMPELLA  

Synopsis: 

This paper deals with comparison of various Phase shifted Pulse width modulation techniques like Phase Shifted carrier, Hybrid Phase shifted carrier and newly proposed Hybrid Phase shifted carrier Pulse width modulation techniques. Comparison is done in terms of their design and their operation.

QAM and OFDM - An Analysis of their Noise and Multipath Immunity through Simulation

Vol. 3 No. 1

Year: 2012

Issue: Sep-Nov

Title: QAM and OFDM - An Analysis of their Noise and Multipath Immunity through Simulation  

Author Name: Eiman Mutwali Abdelmageed Hussain  

Synopsis: 

In wireless communication systems, the transmitted signal is subject to different channel impairments, such as noise and multipath propagation. The demand for more reliable and higher speed wireless services has led to the development of digital communication techniques. This new development direction resulted in an increasing interest in new modulation formats that overcome the limitations associated with the wireless communication channel which degrades the performance of the communication system. The new sought modulation formats are expected to have high spectral efficiency and better immunity to transmission impairments. Of these modulation formats are the Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) and the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). This paper analyses through computer simulation the performance of: QAM, OFDM and QAM combined with OFDM under different channel impairments and compares which technique gives better performance under these conditions. The analysis was carried out using MATLAB and the results showed that QAM is used to effectively increase the channel capacity while OFDM is attractive because of its effective way in reducing the effect of inter-symbol interference (ISI). Furthermore a combination of these techniques has been proven to enhance the performance of a communication system.

Analytical Approach to Analyze Mode Fields in Arbitrary Index Fibre with Non Circular Geometry

Vol. 3 No. 1

Year: 2012

Issue: Sep-Nov

Title: Analytical Approach to Analyze Mode Fields in Arbitrary Index Fibre with Non Circular Geometry

Author Name : S. K. Raghuwanshi, MANDEEP SINGH  

Synopsis : 

In this paper elliptic cylinder coordinate system is used for the representation of modes in the core of non circular fibre. The scalar wave equation is converted to the elliptical coordinate system and the WKB method is applied for the calculation of fields. The author’s try to develop analytical approach to analyze non circular geometry having an arbitrary refractive index. The result obtained in this paper have been already discussed by the several researcher’s but these research paper lack with the detailed mathematical derivation to achieve some specific equations. The attempts in this paper is to show all the intermediate steps of existing results, which will useful for the beginner, who wants to gain the working knowledge in this area[1]. The result obtained in this paper can be easily extended to obtain the graphical or simulation results for non trivial cases.

Experimental verification on reduction of EMI in ZVS push-pull DC to DC converter system

Vol. 3 No. 1

Year: 2012

Issue: Sep-Nov

Title: Experimental verification on reduction of EMI in ZVS push-pull DC to DC converter system
 

Author Name: S.Devikala, P. Nirmalkumar

Synopsis:

This paper presents the experimental verification of ZVS push-pull converter. The emphasis of this topology is to reduce the electromagnetic interference, conduction losses, and complexity of the circuit. EMI caused by power converters can disturb the normal operation of the converter and other adjacent systems. The main aim of the research work is reduction of EMI in switching power converters. Lessening techniques have been explored to reduce EMI noise effectively. The push-pull converter is used as DC-DC converter suitable for low and medium power application. High efficiency, less switching loss and high power density are the incentives of this application. The switching frequency is increased to achieve high power density which will minimize the complexity of the circuit as size of the components reduced. Thus switching loss has to be minimized to achieve high frequency operation; this can be achieved by ZVS resonant techniques. This reduces switching losses as well as EMI.The push pull DC to DC converter with EMI filter is constructed and tested. The experimental results are compared with simulation results.

Design of Cntfet Based Logic Gates for Ultra Low Power Applications

Vol. 2 No. 4

Year: 2012

Issue: June-August

Title: Design of Cntfet Based Logic Gates for Ultra Low Power Applications 

Author Name: V. Saravanan, V. Kannan 

Synopsis: 

This Paper Proposes The Design Of Logic Gates For Ultra Low Power Applications. The Logic Gate Has Been Designed In 18 Nm Technologies. In This Paper Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (Cntfet) Are Introduced For Designing   The Digital Circuits. This Paper Presents The Performance Analysis Of Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (Cntfet), Structure, Types Of The New Nano Device, Operation, And   Various Gate   Circuit Design Using Cntfet. Results Of The Proposed Design Are Compared With Cmos Based Gates. All The Simulations Are Done In Hspice.

Design and implementation of EEG Measuring System

Vol. 2 No. 4

Year: 2012

Issue: June-August

Title: Design and implementation of EEG Measuring System 

Author Name: Safaa S. Mahdi, Mahir R. Alhajjaj 

Synopsis: 

Electroencephalograph (EEG) is a technique commonly used in medical and research fields to record the electrical activities of the brain. The EEG signals are recorded from the surface of the scalp metallic electrodes. The EEG signals are within the range of (0.5-50µV), the raw signals are originated from different areas of the brain. The locations of these electrodes on the scalp are specified according to the 10-20 international system. Measuring the EEG signals is usually difficult due to small signal magnitude of the EEG signals and large DC offset voltage incorporated with the measuring process. The DC-offset in EEG signal is a result of many factors, like electrode-skin interface, amplifier input bias current mismatch, input impedance, offset voltage, and voltage drift with temperature and aging. The signal is amplified in two stages and digitized using a 24-bit analog to digital convertor (ADC). The DC-offset was treated using auto-zeroing technique, along with the use of high precision electronic components. The theoretical design was first simulated using TINA-TI software, then the PCB's were designed using Eagle software, and implemented experimentally. EEG signals were acquired and recorded for different people and it seems satisfactory for the diagnosis by doctors.    

Analysis of Vftos across Insulating Flange of 420 Kv Gis

Vol. 2 No. 4

Year: 2012

Issue: June-August

Title: Analysis of Vftos across Insulating Flange of 420 Kv Gis 

Author Name: A. Raghu Ram 

Synopsis: 

In gas insulated substations (GIS) very fast transient overvoltages (VFTO) are generated due to disconnector switching operations. Disconnector switches are primarily used to isolate the operating sections of HV installation from each other as a safety measure. Very fast transient over voltages at an insulating flange are generated due to propogation of VFTOs on the conductor of a gas bus in GIS.Genaration of VFTOs causes sparkovers across insulating flange of high pressure oil filled cable/GIS interface. The ionised path formed by the sparkovers create low impedance path for power frequency fault current, resulting in flange damage with serious consequences. This paper deals wih the generation of VFTOs across insulating flange and their suppression using shunting bars and capacitors for providing protection have been analyzed and reported using MATLAB 7.0.

Controller Design for Automated Drug Delivery Unit

Vol. 2 No. 4

Year: 2012

Issue: June-August

Title: Controller Design for Automated Drug Delivery Unit 

Author Name: Vipeesh P, N.J.R. Muniraj 

Synopsis: 

Disease classification and drug diffusion are the two major tasks that have to be performed by automated drug delivery unit. Both these operations have to be performed with utmost care and the performance of the system should be reliable and reproducible. The electrical signals that are produced by the sensor array network, that indicate the concentration of analyte solution based on the kind of disease being detected, is used as the input to the classification problem. The developed model is used for classification cancer data obtained from the sensor array network. In this paper design of controller for drug diffusion is also presented. Both the novel algorithm based expert system and the controller logic for drug diffusion to measure and analyze the real time performance of the system. A detailed discussion on the design, modelling and implementation of the expert system and drug delivery unit is presented.

Disturbance Rejection of Nanopositioner Using Internal Model Control

Vol. 2 No. 4

Year: 2012

Issue: June-August

Title: Disturbance Rejection of Nanopositioner Using Internal Model Control 

Author Name: Sheilza Jain, Maneesha Garg, A. Swarup 

Synopsis: 

Nanopositioning, the precise control and manipulation of devices and materials at nanoscale, plays an important role in all applications of nanotechnology. Nanopositioners are designed to move objects over a small range with a resolution down to a fraction of an atomic diameter.  The primary objectives of nanopositioners include fast response with very little or no overshoot, large travel range, very high resolution, extremely high precision and high bandwidth.   Performance characteristics of the system can be improved by the use of feedback controller. Complexity of controller depends upon model of the plant/process and objectives of the control system. The primary objectives of control system are to obtain fast and accurate set point tracking as well as efficient disturbances rejection. The Internal model control (IMC) structure is a suitable control system for satisfying these objectives. This paper presents the identification of nanopositioning device and analyzes its open loop behavior.  The IMC scheme is implemented on non-minimum phase nanopositioning devices and is verified for set point changes and disturbance rejection. The proposed control scheme possesses good robustness against set point changes and disturbance rejection. In this paper, performance specifications of nanopositioning system with IMC structure are also compared with traditional PID controller tuning algorithms. Results simulated on MATLAB demonstrate its effectiveness and versatility for precise positioning. 

Parametric Influence on Noise in High Electron Mobility Transistor LNA

Vol. 2 No. 3

Year: 2012

Issue: Mar-May

Title: Parametric Influence on Noise in High Electron Mobility Transistor LNA 

Author Name: V.J.K. Kishor Sonti, V. Kannan 

Synopsis: 

In this paper, parametric influence on noise in HEMT LNA designed using FR4 substrate was analyzed. At higher frequencies of operation high electron mobility transistor designs are often influenced by shot noise and this shot noise is depended on different parameters of the device. This design is carried out at a centre frequency of 5.8GHz and critical parameters like gate resistance, transconductance; gate source biasing values influence on noise immunity of this design is analyzed in the frequency range of 1GHz to 10GHz. Variation of Maximum Gain and Noise Figure w.r.t to frequency were obtained for different parametric values. Obtained results had given better understanding of the noise influence on the design performance under different constraints pertained to parameter variation. These observations are in greater agreement with the theoretical facts. This work is carried out using ADS simulation software.

  

 

 

 

 

 

   

  

 

     

Investigations of Current Mechanisms and Electronic Properties of Schottky Barrier Diode

Vol. 2 No. 3

Year: 2012

Issue: Mar-May

Title: Investigations of Current Mechanisms and Electronic Properties of Schottky Barrier Diode 

Author Name: Wagah F. Mohammad, Nada Nabil Khatib 

Synopsis: 

The energy band diagram and space charge regions of Schottky barrier (SB) solar cells are different from normal pn solar cells.  Many facts and theories must be studied and developed to assist understanding and implementing SB solar cells.  Few samples of SB devices were prepared by thermal deposition under vacuum then tested and studied carefully.  An interfacial layer was introduced between metal and semiconductor.  I-V and C—V are measured, drawn and discussed in details.  The current transportation mechanism of the prepared samples is found to be of thermal mechanism type.  The current transportation depends on the potential barrier height.  From C— V characteristics, it is found that the potential barrier height is decreased as the interfacial oxide becomes thicker.

Low Power Reconfigurable Vlsi Architecture For Fir Filters

Vol. 2 No. 3

Year: 2012

Issue: Mar-May

Title: Low Power Reconfigurable Vlsi Architecture For Fir Filters 

Author Name: S. Karthick, R.Nirmal Kumar, S.Valarmathy 

Synopsis: 

Reconfigurability and low complexity are the two key requirements of finite impulse response (FIR) filters. Two new efficient reconfigurable architectures namely constant shift method (CSM) and programmable shift method (PSM) of low complexity are used for design of higher order finite impulse response (FIR) filters. The FIR filter architecture is capable of operating for different wordlength filter coefficients without any overhead in hardware circuitry. The CSM results in higher speed whereas the PSM results in lower area. These methods are based on the binary common subexpression elimination (BCSE) algorithm using canonical signed digit (CSD) representation of coefficients. The CSD representation is widely used in implementing multiple constant multiplication because it guarantees the least number of additions for a given constant multiplication. Hence the CSM architecture is used for high speed applications and the PSM architecture is used in applications where area and power have to be minimized. The experimental results are synthesized and major parameters like area, delay, power are compared for both CSM and PSM architecture using Xilinx ISE 8.1tool.