Design of Cntfet Based Logic Gates for Ultra Low Power Applications

Vol. 2 No. 4

Year: 2012

Issue: June-August

Title: Design of Cntfet Based Logic Gates for Ultra Low Power Applications 

Author Name: V. Saravanan, V. Kannan 

Synopsis: 

This Paper Proposes The Design Of Logic Gates For Ultra Low Power Applications. The Logic Gate Has Been Designed In 18 Nm Technologies. In This Paper Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (Cntfet) Are Introduced For Designing   The Digital Circuits. This Paper Presents The Performance Analysis Of Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (Cntfet), Structure, Types Of The New Nano Device, Operation, And   Various Gate   Circuit Design Using Cntfet. Results Of The Proposed Design Are Compared With Cmos Based Gates. All The Simulations Are Done In Hspice.

Design and implementation of EEG Measuring System

Vol. 2 No. 4

Year: 2012

Issue: June-August

Title: Design and implementation of EEG Measuring System 

Author Name: Safaa S. Mahdi, Mahir R. Alhajjaj 

Synopsis: 

Electroencephalograph (EEG) is a technique commonly used in medical and research fields to record the electrical activities of the brain. The EEG signals are recorded from the surface of the scalp metallic electrodes. The EEG signals are within the range of (0.5-50µV), the raw signals are originated from different areas of the brain. The locations of these electrodes on the scalp are specified according to the 10-20 international system. Measuring the EEG signals is usually difficult due to small signal magnitude of the EEG signals and large DC offset voltage incorporated with the measuring process. The DC-offset in EEG signal is a result of many factors, like electrode-skin interface, amplifier input bias current mismatch, input impedance, offset voltage, and voltage drift with temperature and aging. The signal is amplified in two stages and digitized using a 24-bit analog to digital convertor (ADC). The DC-offset was treated using auto-zeroing technique, along with the use of high precision electronic components. The theoretical design was first simulated using TINA-TI software, then the PCB's were designed using Eagle software, and implemented experimentally. EEG signals were acquired and recorded for different people and it seems satisfactory for the diagnosis by doctors.    

Analysis of Vftos across Insulating Flange of 420 Kv Gis

Vol. 2 No. 4

Year: 2012

Issue: June-August

Title: Analysis of Vftos across Insulating Flange of 420 Kv Gis 

Author Name: A. Raghu Ram 

Synopsis: 

In gas insulated substations (GIS) very fast transient overvoltages (VFTO) are generated due to disconnector switching operations. Disconnector switches are primarily used to isolate the operating sections of HV installation from each other as a safety measure. Very fast transient over voltages at an insulating flange are generated due to propogation of VFTOs on the conductor of a gas bus in GIS.Genaration of VFTOs causes sparkovers across insulating flange of high pressure oil filled cable/GIS interface. The ionised path formed by the sparkovers create low impedance path for power frequency fault current, resulting in flange damage with serious consequences. This paper deals wih the generation of VFTOs across insulating flange and their suppression using shunting bars and capacitors for providing protection have been analyzed and reported using MATLAB 7.0.

Controller Design for Automated Drug Delivery Unit

Vol. 2 No. 4

Year: 2012

Issue: June-August

Title: Controller Design for Automated Drug Delivery Unit 

Author Name: Vipeesh P, N.J.R. Muniraj 

Synopsis: 

Disease classification and drug diffusion are the two major tasks that have to be performed by automated drug delivery unit. Both these operations have to be performed with utmost care and the performance of the system should be reliable and reproducible. The electrical signals that are produced by the sensor array network, that indicate the concentration of analyte solution based on the kind of disease being detected, is used as the input to the classification problem. The developed model is used for classification cancer data obtained from the sensor array network. In this paper design of controller for drug diffusion is also presented. Both the novel algorithm based expert system and the controller logic for drug diffusion to measure and analyze the real time performance of the system. A detailed discussion on the design, modelling and implementation of the expert system and drug delivery unit is presented.

Disturbance Rejection of Nanopositioner Using Internal Model Control

Vol. 2 No. 4

Year: 2012

Issue: June-August

Title: Disturbance Rejection of Nanopositioner Using Internal Model Control 

Author Name: Sheilza Jain, Maneesha Garg, A. Swarup 

Synopsis: 

Nanopositioning, the precise control and manipulation of devices and materials at nanoscale, plays an important role in all applications of nanotechnology. Nanopositioners are designed to move objects over a small range with a resolution down to a fraction of an atomic diameter.  The primary objectives of nanopositioners include fast response with very little or no overshoot, large travel range, very high resolution, extremely high precision and high bandwidth.   Performance characteristics of the system can be improved by the use of feedback controller. Complexity of controller depends upon model of the plant/process and objectives of the control system. The primary objectives of control system are to obtain fast and accurate set point tracking as well as efficient disturbances rejection. The Internal model control (IMC) structure is a suitable control system for satisfying these objectives. This paper presents the identification of nanopositioning device and analyzes its open loop behavior.  The IMC scheme is implemented on non-minimum phase nanopositioning devices and is verified for set point changes and disturbance rejection. The proposed control scheme possesses good robustness against set point changes and disturbance rejection. In this paper, performance specifications of nanopositioning system with IMC structure are also compared with traditional PID controller tuning algorithms. Results simulated on MATLAB demonstrate its effectiveness and versatility for precise positioning. 

Parametric Influence on Noise in High Electron Mobility Transistor LNA

Vol. 2 No. 3

Year: 2012

Issue: Mar-May

Title: Parametric Influence on Noise in High Electron Mobility Transistor LNA 

Author Name: V.J.K. Kishor Sonti, V. Kannan 

Synopsis: 

In this paper, parametric influence on noise in HEMT LNA designed using FR4 substrate was analyzed. At higher frequencies of operation high electron mobility transistor designs are often influenced by shot noise and this shot noise is depended on different parameters of the device. This design is carried out at a centre frequency of 5.8GHz and critical parameters like gate resistance, transconductance; gate source biasing values influence on noise immunity of this design is analyzed in the frequency range of 1GHz to 10GHz. Variation of Maximum Gain and Noise Figure w.r.t to frequency were obtained for different parametric values. Obtained results had given better understanding of the noise influence on the design performance under different constraints pertained to parameter variation. These observations are in greater agreement with the theoretical facts. This work is carried out using ADS simulation software.

  

 

 

 

 

 

   

  

 

     

Investigations of Current Mechanisms and Electronic Properties of Schottky Barrier Diode

Vol. 2 No. 3

Year: 2012

Issue: Mar-May

Title: Investigations of Current Mechanisms and Electronic Properties of Schottky Barrier Diode 

Author Name: Wagah F. Mohammad, Nada Nabil Khatib 

Synopsis: 

The energy band diagram and space charge regions of Schottky barrier (SB) solar cells are different from normal pn solar cells.  Many facts and theories must be studied and developed to assist understanding and implementing SB solar cells.  Few samples of SB devices were prepared by thermal deposition under vacuum then tested and studied carefully.  An interfacial layer was introduced between metal and semiconductor.  I-V and C—V are measured, drawn and discussed in details.  The current transportation mechanism of the prepared samples is found to be of thermal mechanism type.  The current transportation depends on the potential barrier height.  From C— V characteristics, it is found that the potential barrier height is decreased as the interfacial oxide becomes thicker.

Low Power Reconfigurable Vlsi Architecture For Fir Filters

Vol. 2 No. 3

Year: 2012

Issue: Mar-May

Title: Low Power Reconfigurable Vlsi Architecture For Fir Filters 

Author Name: S. Karthick, R.Nirmal Kumar, S.Valarmathy 

Synopsis: 

Reconfigurability and low complexity are the two key requirements of finite impulse response (FIR) filters. Two new efficient reconfigurable architectures namely constant shift method (CSM) and programmable shift method (PSM) of low complexity are used for design of higher order finite impulse response (FIR) filters. The FIR filter architecture is capable of operating for different wordlength filter coefficients without any overhead in hardware circuitry. The CSM results in higher speed whereas the PSM results in lower area. These methods are based on the binary common subexpression elimination (BCSE) algorithm using canonical signed digit (CSD) representation of coefficients. The CSD representation is widely used in implementing multiple constant multiplication because it guarantees the least number of additions for a given constant multiplication. Hence the CSM architecture is used for high speed applications and the PSM architecture is used in applications where area and power have to be minimized. The experimental results are synthesized and major parameters like area, delay, power are compared for both CSM and PSM architecture using Xilinx ISE 8.1tool.

 

 

 

 

   

  

 

     

Harmonic Optimization of Multilevel Inverters Using Hybrid GA/PSO

Year: 2012

Issue: Mar-May

Title: Harmonic Optimization of Multilevel Inverters Using Hybrid GA/PSO 

Author Name: Suryakalavathi, K. Mahendran , B. Indhumathy 

Synopsis: 

This paper presents Hybrid GA/PSO optimization (HGAPSO) technique applied to determine the switching angles of a cascaded multilevel inverter. This technique eliminates specified higher order harmonics while maintaining the required fundamental voltage. This technique can be applied to multilevel inverters with any number of levels. As an example, in this paper an eleven-level inverter is considered and the optimum switching angles are calculated offline to eliminate the 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th order harmonics. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink package. Results show that the proposed method does effectively eliminate a great number of specific harmonics and the output voltage is resulted in low total harmonic distortion (THD).

FIR Filter Approach for Gene Prediction

Year: 2012

Issue: Mar-May

Title: FIR Filter Approach for Gene Prediction 

Author Name: Renu Sharma, Ajay Kaushik , Neeraj Sharma 

Synopsis: 

Gene prediction is a very challenging problem in the field of medical science. Gene constitute of exons and introns. Exons are responsible for encoding of proteins. The main target of gene prediction is to identify the exons. Gene identification can be done on the basis of property of codon structure that exons exhibits period-3 behavior. To identify the period-3 property, signal processing is used which uses numerical indicator sequences to process the data. This is the reason to convert the characters sequences of DNA sequences into numerical sequences (Binary indicator sequence, paired indicator sequence, real indicator sequence) and then pass through the FIR filter. The present research shows that the FIR filter gives accurate results for selected frequency range.

Secure Data Transmission Using Audio Steganography

Vol. 2 No. 3

Year: 2012

Issue: Mar-May

Title: Secure Data Transmission Using Audio Steganography 

Author Name: sakthisudhan karuppanan, S. Gayathri priya, P. Prabhu, P. Thangaraj 

Synopsis: 

In present day to day life, effective data hiding methods are needed due to attack made on data communication. This paper presents the technique for the above requirement. In this proposed method, secret message in the form of audio file is embedded within another carrier audio file (. wav) .In the transmitter end the output will be similar to the carrier with a secret message embedded inside. The hacker will be blinded by the transmitted signal. At the receiver end the original message can be retrieved without any loss. The entire proposed system is simulated and their corresponding waveforms prove the effectiveness of this method.

Step Discontinuity Analysis in an Asymmetric Single Mode Thin Planar Slab Taper Optical Waveguide

Vol. 2 No. 2

Year: 2012

Issue: Dec-Feb

Title: Step Discontinuity Analysis in an Asymmetric Single Mode Thin Planar Slab Taper Optical Waveguide 

Author Name: S. K. Raghuwanshi, Santosh Kumar 

Synopsis: 

We study the thin taper optical waveguide structure by using the step discontinuity model. The technique presented is unique and not being discussed elsewhere. We also study the power loss due to step discontinuity effect for the case of an asymmetric single mode planar slab taper waveguide structure. The only assumption, we consider is that there are no reflection of fields at the step discontinuity point. In this paper we also assume that there are no mode conversions due to discontinuity effect and the structure maintain the single mode operation even at the step discontinuity point. We deliberately considered the thin taper structure to be valid on single mode operation. The technique presented can be easily extended to more complicated waveguide structure like ridge waveguide structure.

 

 

  

   

  

 

     

Implementation of Maximum Boost Control Switching Strategy for Impedance Source Inverter

Vol. 2 No. 2

Year: 2012

Issue: Dec-Feb

Title: Implementation of Maximum Boost Control Switching Strategy for Impedance Source Inverter 

Author Name: Uthirasamy Ramasamy, C. Suganya 

Synopsis: 

This paper presents a new topology of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) by using an extended boost Z-source inverter.In this project a new topology of uninterruptible power supply (UPS) implemented using extended boost source inverter. The Z-source concept can be applied to all dc-to-ac, ac-to-dc, ac-to-ac, and dc-to-dc power conversion. The extended boost Z-source inverter overcomes the conceptual and theoretical barriers and limitations of the traditional voltage source; current source and normal Z-source inverter. With this new topology, the proposed UPS can maintain the desired ac output voltage with reduced voltage drop and minimized voltage stress. The overall cost of the system has been reduced by reducing the battery utility. So, this system is more economical for UPS application. The proposed system is simulated using MATLAB / SIMULINK with the simple boost control scheme and various factors such as output voltage, boost factor and THD are analyzed.

  

 

 

  

   

  

 

     

Modeling the Quality of Service Rerouting in Cognitive Network

Vol. 2 No. 2

Year: 2012

Issue: Dec-Feb

Title: Modeling the Quality of Service Rerouting in Cognitive Network 

Author Name: Yogendra Gandole 

Synopsis: 

The cognitive behavior based on the cognitive science model for the network nodes to benefit the Quality of Service rerouting is designed. A Quality of Service rerouting protocol oriented to cognitive network is proposed. Rerouting is a distributed protocol where the route search is in a hop by hop way. Inspired by the small-world phenomenon, the experiential route information is collected and stored at each node to benefit the future route selection. We implement and evaluate Quality of Service rerouting in NS2 platform. Its performance is compared with another two popular routing protocols. The results show that Cognitive Rerouting has achieved remarkable performance improvements over the protocols where no cognitive behaviours are exploited

 

 

  

   

  

 

     

Power MOSFET in Automobile Application

 Vol. 2 No. 2

Year: 2012

Issue: Dec-Feb

Title: Power MOSFET in Automobile Application 

Author Name: D.S. Dhote, R. S. Rajuskar , G.D. Agrahari 

Synopsis: 

This paper focuses on the simulation Power mosfet inverter driving the electrical motors such as PMBLM used in automotive power electronic systems to ensure energy efficiency. Today Power mosfets are available with high voltage, high power, high frequency, protection against avalanche and short circuit behavior.  Control techniques such as Six- Step, SPWM, SVPWM are used for simulation and advantages of the drive are confirmed with the simulation results.

Color Image Compression using Wavelet, Ridgelet and Curvelet Transform

Vol. 2 No. 2

Year: 2012

Issue: Dec-Feb

Title: Color Image Compression using Wavelet, Ridgelet and Curvelet Transform 

Author Name: Sreekanth reddy madha, T. Ramashri 

Synopsis: 

Image Compression is a widely addressed research area. Many compression standards have been in place. But still there is a scope for higher compression with quality reconstruction. The introduction of wavelets gave a different dimension to the compression. But there are some limitations of wavelets while handling the line and curve singularities in the image. There are transforms beyond wavelets namely-Curvelet and Ridgelet Transforms. This paper aims at the analysis of color image compression using Wavelet, Ridgelet and Curvelet Transform. The Curvelet Transform gives better performance in terms of PSNR. Wavelet performs the least and is also affected by the blocking artifacts. Ridgelet is designed to handle line and edge singularities, where as Curvelet is designed to handle singularities on curves. By selecting proper thresholding method, better results for PSNR have been obtained. Color images in the YCbCr color model are used.

   

  

 

     

Contributions to Computational Algorithms for Stiff Lyapunov Differential Equations

Vol. 2 No. 2

Year: 2012

Issue: Dec-Feb

Title: Contributions to Computational Algorithms for Stiff Lyapunov Differential Equations 

Author Name: Chiu Choi 

Synopsis: 

A discretization method based on the backward differentiation formulas was applied to a stiff Lyapunov differential equation and transformed it into an algebraic Lyapunov equation such that numerically stable method could be applied to compute the numerical solutions. The discretization method allowed the use of variable step size selection strategies in the integration of the matrix differential equations. One such strategy was proposed in this paper. A feature of the strategy is that it permits moving through the interval of integration rapidly in the steady state of the stiff Lyapunov differential equations without exceeding the specified error tolerance. In order to test the accuracy of the discretization method and the proposed step size selection strategy, a stiff Lyapunov differential equation of variable size n×n with known closed form solution was developed. Such an equation is useful not only in this paper but also in the verification of the accuracy of future proposed algorithms for computing the numerical solutions of stiff Lyapunov differential equations. The discretization method was applied to this stiff Lyapunov differential equation with known closed-form solution. The numerical solution computed at every time step was compared with the closed form solution such that the accuracy of the computed solution can be known precisely. Eighteen case studies were conducted in the investigation. The findings were that the discretization approach was a viable method for solving stiff Lyapunov differential equation and the step size control strategy permitted rapid increase of step size of integration in the steady state of the stiff equation.