Ultra Low Signal with High Linearity Differential Amplifier with CMOS 180nm technology

Vol.3 No.3

Year : 2013

Issue : Mar-May

Title : Ultra Low Signal with High Linearity Differential Amplifier with CMOS 180nm technology

Author Name : kaphungkui ningshen, G.R Michael

Synopsis :

A differential amplifier is an amplifier that amplifies the difference between two voltages and rejects the average or common mode value of the two voltages. The paper presented here is a single input - balanced output cascoded differential amplifier that amplifies a very small signal from the range of nV  up to mV with a gain of 46.02db and operating with a constant gain up to 3MHz bandwidth. This work mainly aims at the amplification of very small input voltage and reduction of overall circuit power dissipation maintaining its linearity. Its application is for lower frequency and very small signal amplification. The total circuit power dissipation is only 32.3uW which is appreciable low. The circuit gain is 200 and it is operated with only 1V. The allowable input peak voltage is from 1nV up to 0.7mV and the output swing without distortion is 280mV peak to peak. For low frequency and low signal amplification this small signal amplifier with low power dissipation can lengthen the lifetime of a chip in IC technology which is powered by battery, if the total power dissipation is low.

Repeater Sizing for Cross-Talk Mitigation in Coupled VLSI Interconnects

Vol.3 No.3

Year : 2013

Issue : Mar-May

Title : Repeater Sizing for Cross-Talk Mitigation in Coupled VLSI Interconnects

Author Name : Gargi Khanna, Rajeevan Chandel , Ashwani Chandel

Synopsis :

Crosstalk between interconnects is simulated by SPICE and the results are analyzed. The analysis shows that crosstalk between interconnects can be controlled by repeater insertion and proper sizing of the repeaters. For the best control of crosstalk smallest size repeaters with a number of repeaters is suggested. The dependence of cross-talk on signal transition time and interconnect length are examined and verified with previously reported results. Distributed RLC transmission line model of interconnect is considered.

Piezoresistive Type Biosensor using a MEMS Cantilever for Detection of Tuberculosis

Vol.3 No.2

Year : 2013

Issue : Dec-Feb

Title : Piezoresistive Type Biosensor using a MEMS Cantilever for Detection of Tuberculosis

Author Name : P.Sangeetha, Vimala Juliet

Synopsis :

This paper deals with MEMS cantilever biosensor which functions as a piezoresistive sensor to detect tuberculosis. This piezoresistive sensor is based on measuring the change in resistance of the piezoresistive material due to the mechanical vibration of a cantilever beam. Cantilever surface is coated with antibody specific to TB antigen 85 complex. Patient blood sample is introduced on the cantilever if TB antigen is present in the blood sample that antigen binds with the antibody causing strain on the cantilever. The applied strain causes changes in the resistance of the piezoresistive material enabling the measurement of input variable. Here the strain is due antigen antibody binding on the cantilever surface. Bending of the cantilever due to the strain indicates the presence of the disease. The deflection of the microcantilever would be measured in terms of piezoresistive changes by implanting boron at the anchor point.

RFID Reader Range Extension Using Magnetodielectric Material – An Extended Version

Vol.3 No.2

Year : 2013

Issue : Dec-Feb

Title : RFID Reader Range Extension Using Magnetodielectric Material – An Extended Version

Author Name : Wen-Cheng Lai, An-Cheng Sun , Nan-Wei Chen , Ching-Wen Hsue , Luis Galarza

Synopsis :

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) allows for data transfer between tag objects to a reader via radio frequency electromagnetic fields. RFID tags are utilized by many industries for identification and tracking purposes. The RFID reader does not require line of sight to scan for data unlike bar codes and can track tags which can be embedded in objects many meters away. To this end, this paper presents a straightforward and practical approach for extending the range of RFID readers. It is shown that the range of a reader can easily be extended with a magnetodielectric slab attached to the antenna. The proper placement of the slab enhances the reader’s range by increasing the antenna’s gain. The effectiveness of the proposed implementation for the extension of the reader’s range with the magnetodielectric material has been experimentally tested. The experimental results verify the viability of the approach and show an increase of about 70% for the reader’s range.

An Approach for the Segmentation of Satellite Images Using Moving KFCM and Naive Bayes Classifier

Vol.3 No.2

Year : 2013

Issue : Dec-Feb

Title : An Approach for the Segmentation of Satellite Images Using Moving KFCM and Naive Bayes Classifier

Author Name : praveena praveena, S.P. Singh , I.V. Muralikrishna

Synopsis :

This paper presents an improvised Moving kernel based fuzzy C-means(MKFCM) for land-cover mapping of trees, shade, building and road. It starts with the single step preprocessing procedure in which first the input image is passed through a median filter to reduce the noise and get a better image fit for segmentation. The pre-processed image is segmented using the Moving KFCM algorithm and classified using Bayesian classifier with kernel Distribution type. KFCM with moving property is used to improve the object segmentation in satellite images. Simulation results show that classification accuracy for different regions using Moving KFCM is better than moving k means using Naive Bayes classifier with four different kernels.

Mems Mass Based Cantilever Gas Sensor Using Peizoresistive Principle

Vol.3 No.2

Year : 2013

Issue : Dec-Feb

Title : Mems Mass Based Cantilever Gas Sensor Using Peizoresistive Principle

Author Name : subhashini s, Vimala Juliet

Synopsis :

Gas Pollutants like CO2, SO2, CO, CH4 ... are posing a threat to the human lives by inducing health problems. A check over these toxic gases around us is possible with the development of small handheld sensor devices. This paper deals with a MEMS based sensor using the principle of peizoresistivity. Here a simple MEMS structure was designed for providing the mechanical structure in the form of a cantilever. This structure having been released from the substrate will be free to move in its free end and immovable at the fixed end. Then the selectivity of the gas molecules is achieved by using the affinity chemicals, which would selectively adsorb the gas molecules, here the selectivity of CO2 will be dealt and it was achieved by using Tin Oxide. The Molecular weight of CO2 is 44.01g/mol and this results in the increase of cantilever stress causing a deflection at the free end and this inturn form a stress at the fixed end, this is measured using the peizoresistive material embedded on the cantilever. Thus the quantity of CO2 present in the atmosphere will determine the resistance and thereby giving an electrical output which could be easily conditioned based on our requirement.

Robust Sliding Mode Control for Time Delay Systems: An Application to Load Frequency Control

Vol.3 No.2

Year : 2013

Issue : Dec-Feb

Title : Robust Sliding Mode Control for Time Delay Systems: An Application to Load Frequency Control

Author Name : KELOTHU NARESH, Y. Srinivasa Rao , M. Kiran Kumar

Synopsis :

This thesis presents robust sliding mode control for a class of linear continuous time delay systems with mismatched parametric uncertainties. The problem of delay in-dependent as well as delay dependent stability analysis has been studied and subsequently robust control with sliding mode control are also investigated for uncertain time delay systems. Delay independent as well as delay dependent sufficient conditions for the existence of linear sliding surface which are in terms of linear matrix inequality (LMI) frame work are studied, based on which the design of reaching motion controller is also studied. The objective of the present work is to implement the delay dependent stability analysis of LMI approach with sliding mode control to uncertain power system model with communication delay for load frequency control. The reaching motion controller is switched to two other control strategies namely, (i) equivalent Control Law and (ii) State Feedback Law.